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Tuesday, 30 August 2011

HIV/AIDS TASK


                                 HIV/AIDS:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus  that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail leading to life threatening appotunistic infections.
Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood, semen, vaginal fluid, or breast milk.
The four major routes of transmission are unsafe sex, contaminated needles, breast milk and transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth.
From its discovery in 1981 to 2006, AIDS killed more than 25 million people.  HIV infects about 0.6 % of the world’s population.  In 2009, AIDS claimed an estimated 1.8 million lives, down from a global peak of 2.1 million in 2004.  Approximately 260 000 children died of AIDS in 2009.  A dispropritionate number of AIDS deaths occurs in sub-saharan Africa, retarding economic growth and exacerbating the burden of poverty.
In 2005 it was estimated that HIV would infect 90 million people in Africa, resulting in a minimum estimate of 18 million orphans. Treatment wit antiretroviral drugs reduce both the mortality of HIV infection.


The south African department of health study 2009
Based on its sample of 32,861 women attending 1,447 antenatal clinics across all nine provinces, the South African Department of Health study estimates that 29.4%  of pregnant woman (aged 15-49) were living with HIV in 2009.

Estimated HIV prevalence (%) among antenatal clinic attendees, by province:
Kwazulu-Natal:  2001:     33.5 %
2002:     36.5 %
                           2003:     37.5 %
                           2004:     40.7 %
                           2005:     39.1 %
                           2006:     39.1 %
                           2007:     38.7 %
                           2008:     38.7 %
                           2009:     39.5 %

Mapumalanga:    2001:     29.2 %
                           2002:     28.2 %
                            2003:     32.6 %
                           2004:     30.8 %
                           2005:     34.8 %
                           2006:     32.1 %
                           2007:     34.6 %
                           2008:     35.5 %
                           2009:     34.7 %

Free state:          2001:     30.1 %
                           2002:     28.8 %
                           2003:     30.1 %
                           2004:     29.5 %
                           2005:     30.5 %
                           2006:     31.1 %
                           2007:     31.5 %
                           2008:     32.9 %
                           2009:     30.1 %

Gautenge:           2001:     29.8 %
                           2002:     31.6 %
                           2003:     29.6 %
                           2004:     33.1 %
                           2005:     32.4 %
                           2006:     30.8 %
                           2007:     30.5 %
                           2008:     29.9 %
                           2009:     29.8 %

North West:        2001:     25.2 %
                           2002:     26.2 %
                           2003:     29.9 %
                           2004:     26.7 %
                           2005:     31.8 %
                           2006:     29.0 %
                           2007:     30.6 %
                           2008:     31.0 %
                           2009:     30.0 %

Esten Cape:        2001:     21.7 %
                           2002:     36.6 %
                           2003:     27.1 %
                           2004:     80.0 %
                           2005:     29.5 %
                           2006:     28.6 %
                           2007:     28.8 %
                           2008:     27.6 %
                           2009:     28.1 %

Limpopo:             2001:     14.5 %
                           2002:     15.6 %
                           2003:     17.5 %
                           2004:     19.3 %
                           2005:     21.5 %
                            2006:     20.6 %
                           2007:     20.4 %
                           2008:     20.7 %
                           2009:     21.4 %

Northern Cape:         2001:     15.9 %
                                  2002:     15.1 %
                                  2003:     16.7 %
                                  2004:     17.6 %
                                  2005:     18.5 %
                                  2006:     15.6 %
                                  2007:     16.5 %
                                  2008:     16.2 %
                                  2009:     17.2 %

Western cape :          2001:     8.6 %
                                  2002:     12.4 %
                                  2003:     13.1 %
                                  2004:     15.4 %
                                  2005:     15.7 %
                                  2006:     15.1 %
                                  2007:     15.3 %
                                  2008:     16.1 %
                                  2009:     16.9 %

National:                   2001:     24.8 %
                                  2002:     26.5 %
                                  2003:     27.9 %
                                  2004:     29.5 %
                                  2005:     30.2 %
                                  2006:     29.1 %
                                  2007:     29.4 %
                                  2008:     29.3 %
                                  2009:     29.4 %

Estimated HIV prevalence % among antenatal clinic attendees by age :
Age group (years)
2006
2007
2008
2009
15-19
13.7
13.1
14.1
13.7
20-24
28.0
28.0
26.9
26.6
25-29
38.7
37.5
37.9
37.1
30-34
37.0
39.6
40.4
41.5
35-39
29.3
33.0
32.4
35.4
40-44
21.3
22.2
23.3
25.6

From 2008 – 2009 there was a decrease in HIV prevalence among young women aged 15 – 19 years and increase in prevalence among those aged 30 – 34.

Tble1: Mid-year population estimates for SA by population group and sex, 2010:
Population group
Male
Female
Total
Numbers
% of total population
Number
% of total population
Number
% of total population
African

Coloured


Indian/Asian

19314500
79.4
20 368100
79.4
39682600
79.4
2124900
8.7
2299200
9.0
4424100
8.8
646600
2.7
65300
2.5
1299900
2.6
white
2243000
9.2
2341700
9.1
4584700
9.2
Total
24329000

25662300
100.0
49991300
100.0

Table 2: Mid-year population estimates by province, 2010:

Population estimate
% share of the total population
Eastern cape
6 743 800
13.5
Free state
2 824 500
5.7
Gauteng
11 191700
22.4
Kwazulu-Natal
10 645 400
21.3
Limpopo
5439 600
10.9
Mpumalanga
3617 600
7.2
Northern cape
1 103900
2.2
North west
3200 900
6.4
Western cape
5223 900
10.4
Total
49991 300
100.0



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