Marula tree

ÒThe Marula tree is a large deciduous tree that grows up to 20 metres. Flowers from September to November and fruits from January to March. Distributed from Ethiopia, in the north, to Kwazulu-Natal in the South. 

ÒThe fruit, very high in vitamin C, is used by humans as well as animals. Marula fruit is turned into an alcoholic drink and also a jelly eaten with meats. Elephants, Giraffe, Kudu, Eland, Waterbuck, Warthog, and Bushpig, all browse the leaves and fruit that falls to the ground. Baboons eat the fruit on the tree as well as fruit that has fallen. Birds such as the Blackheaded Oriole eat the flowers. 

ÒThe seeds contain two or three edible nuts. These nuts are pressed and the oil extracted for cosmetic use. The fruit skin can be burnt and used as a coffee substitute.

ÒMedicinal uses include a decoction of the bark to treat dysentery and diarrhoea. The bark infused in brandy is also used as a prophylactic for malaria. The inner bark is used to treat insect bites and irritations caused by hairy caterpillars. An essence made from the leaves is used to treat burns.

Acacia tortilis (Umbrella Thorn Acacia)

Acacia tortilis

Acacia tortilis, the Umbrella Thorn Acacia, also known as Umbrella Thorn and Israeli Babool, is a medium to large canopied tree native primarily to the savanna and Sahel of Africa (especially Sudan), but also occurring in the Middle East.

 

Distribution

—Acacia tortilis tends to grow in areas where temperatures vary from 0 to 50 degree Celsius and rainfall is anywhere from about 100–1,000 mm (3.9–39 in) per year.

—The plant is known to tolerate high alkalinity, drought, high temperatures, sandy & stony soils, strongly sloped rooting surfaces, and sand blasting. Also, plants older than 2 years have been observed to be somewhat frost resistant.

Characteristics

In extremely arid conditions, it may occur as a small, wiry bush. It grows up to 21 m (69 ft) in height. The tree carries leaves that grow to approx. 2.5 cm (1 in) in length with between 4 and 10 pair of pinnae each with up to 15 pairs of leaflets. Flowers are small and white, highly aromatic, and occur in tight clusters. Seeds are produced in pods which are flat and coiled into a springlike structure.

Importance

—Timber from the tree is used for furniture, wagon wheels, fence posts, cages, and pens. Acacia wood was also used exclusively by the Israelites in the Old Testament in the building of the tabernacle and the tabernacle furniture, including the Ark of the Covenant. The pods and foliage, which grow prolifically on the tree, are used as fodder for desert grazing animals. The bark is often used as a string medium in Tanganyika, and is a source for tannin. Gum from the tree is edible and can be used as Gum Arabic. Parts of the tree including roots, shoots, and pods are also often used by natives for a vast  

—number of purposes including decorations, weapons, tools, and medicines.

—The Acacia tortilis is also emerging as an important species in the battle to 'green the deserts', as it is one of few trees to tolerate very harsh, arid environments.

 

Ignite,control and extinguish fires in a concervation area unit (UNIT STANDARD 252461)

SO 1 : AC 1 : Necessary equipment is obtain and checked for serviceability to ensure that legal requirements are adhered  to. Fire beaters, ignites, water carriers, knapsack spray, first- aid kit, bakkie sakkie, communication tool. 


Checks done everyday. Report any damaged.

AC 2 : Measures for contingencies are carried out as determined by accepted operating procedures. Changes in weather, fire-breaks, width of fire-breaks, mosaic vs. block burning protocols; night fire fighting ; when/when not to back burn for wild fires

Keep an eye on change in weather. Always have fire equipment ready in working order fire breaks prepare before fire season.

AC 3 : Tracer belts are implemented in preparing fire-breaks. Use of herbicides or mechanical means of preparing for burning fire-breaks. 


Use tracer in night fire fighting to see where the fire is & also where the fire fighters are. Always have a vehicle close by to help if the fire spreads out hand. Herbicides to spray fire.

SO 2 : AC 1 : Legislative requirements:

Prepare fire breaks before fire season, let your neighbors know.

AC 2 :  Safe conditions.

Must be given fire equipment & fire clothing. Must have training. Firs Aider must be on sight.

AC 3 : A correct understanding of assigned team responsibilities 

Everyone gets assigned a job in groups, they need to follow the procedures given. A specific order must be followed.

AC 4 : Local optimal conditions and requirements. Fire-break; block bur or patch burn ; combative measures for wild fires, weather, gradient, number of staff.
Explained. Choose one type pf method to apply to different fires. Always have staff available to fight the fires.
SO 3 : AC 1 : An explanation is given of the conditions under which it would be appropriate: to extinguish a fire. not to extinguish a fire.


Analyst the fire, if its controllable you can  fight it. If it's out of hand or higher than you, rather leave in than put people in danger.

AC 2 : Effective use is made of fire-suppression equipment and retardants.

Use equipment in correct conditions e.g. Don't use a flap in a big fire only in small almost burned out fires. Make sure equipment works beforehand

AC 3 : Effective use is made of fire-suppression techniques (back burning)

Use different techniques in fires directions. Analise fire before making a decisions

SO 4 : AC 1 : Fire risk is reduce or removed by relevant actions. Smoldering debris extinguished.

Remember to put out fires after "braaing". Don't dispose of sigarette buts in veld. Remove glass bottles -high fire risks.

AC 2 : A contribution is made to a post - mortem after the fire.

After a fire, check area to make sure all the stumps are put out to prevent another fire starting.


AC 3 : Prescribed follow-up plan is implemented by careful monitoring of the post- burn phase.

After the vehicles went through   -people with back pack sprayers come through, after them people with flaps come through - to make sure fire is completely - put out.

 

Erect, monitor and maintain wildlife fenes

SO 1 : Prepare an area for fencing:

AC 1 : Boundary beacons are placed in order to identify and mark ares to be fenced:

Mark place where fence must go so that you can identify how much wires you will need. need a map to mark area's where trees and koppies are.

AC 2 : The area is physically cleared or de -bushed in preparation for fencing.

Clear / slash area before putting up the fence. Measure how big the fence will be.

AC 3: The area is leveled to facilitate the erection of a fence.

Make sure the area is flat before putting up the fence. Make sure the ares is cleared of trees and grass.


AC 4 : An outline id given of the prescribed specifications to be adhered to when preparing an area for fencing.

• Equipment & material to be used.
• Identify where it is & which type of terreinit is.
• Don't put a fence in the road. Use a map and visit the area yourself. If you want to keep animals in.

SO 2 : Erect and dismantle a fence.

AC 1 : The prescribed fence is erected to a specified standard:

Erect a fence in accordance to your animals how big they are / high they jump. smaller animals -more dense fence.

AC 2 : Th fence is erected on a prescribed  line:

Mark the area where you want to erect the fence-use a map as well. Make sure it's in a straight line.

AC 3 : Electrification is added to a fence according to indicated specification.

• Depending on animals on the farm.
• Normal antelope & other animals electrify 
• Big 5 - higher voltage-more wires tat are electrified. 

AC 4 : A sacrificial or folding fence is constructed at a river crossing.
When the river is running - pick up the fence- no animals will exit or enter. When river is dry - lower fence - prevent animals from escaping.

AC 5 : A fence is dismantled as directed by supervisors in line with organizations standards:

• Break fence down according to U/S 
• If material is reuse - able pack up & use for something else. More rusted materials make an inside fence for extra security.
• When breaking down a fence don't cut in the middle - do from y - standard to y -standard or from post to post.

SO 3 : Monitor the fence for effectiveness:

AC 1 : Regular patrols are conducted for the purposes of gathering information aspect , the number of incidents and the particular species that are involved in fence breaching:

• Every week do fence checks to see where animals might have broke through or poachers have been active 
• If they break trough find reason why . See where you can change is so that this doesn't happen.
• If you come upon a breakage report it verbally & written to your supervisor .

AC 2 : A report is prepared to communicate findings on the effectiveness of the fence.

• Report the situation verbally & written 
• If you know the cause of the situation report is as well.

AC 3 : An assessment is made of what is required to repair weaknesses in the fence

Holes in the fence - if there are a number of holes close up and keep at least to holes, so that they can use that constantly.

Put a change bar in the hole so that other animals don't go through there.

Shiny correlated iron so that bigger animals doesn't go through. It shines at them - they turn around.

If the wires are far apart from each other, just add more wire in between.

AC 4 : A description is given of the problems that neighboring communities experience as a result of animals breaching the fence.

Check fence -it you find holes etc. fix it & also report it to your neighbour to make him aware of the situation.

If a lion escapes- tell all neighbors around you to prevent any injury or unnecessary dying of animals.

SO 4 : Maintain the fence:

AC 1 : A fence is repaired to ensure that is always meets the prescribed standards.

Neatly structure, strongly build to keep your animals in . Electrified for your animals


High voltage for bigger animals. High fences for big animals.

AC 2 : River crossings are repaired to the prescribed standard. 


Wait for river to run dry before fixing it. Must be a certain height above the water.

AC 3 : Weaknesses in a fence are identified and corrected using appropriate techniques, tools and equipment.


Go to fence, identify what is wrong/ broken. Identify which tools/ equipment you will need, before fixing it.

Control non - Dangerous Causing Animals

SO 1 : Identify and locate non-dangerous damage causing animals.

AC 1 : Small- ticks -ticks and flies, mosquito, parasites - internal and external

Med-banded mongoose, jackal, monkeys, pigs,bats, rats

Large - large herbivores.

AC 2 : Tracking is for the nocturnal animals, so that we know there activity.

AC 3 : It's important, to know were they would be , hoe they think and what thy do. What food thay are looking for were they are sleeping, habitat.

AC 4 : Regulations & legislation:

• National 
• Provincial
• Local/ regional

= 3 scales

When hunting only use specific bullets capsules. for a specific use requirements do not take extinction species out. eg red data list

SO 2 : Assist in control measures for  non-dangerous damage causing animals within the area of operation.

AC 1 : Trapping / baiting :

Cows: Let a few cows loose in the field to pick up the ticks , it's easier to catch a cow and dip them in chemicals then to catch a rooi bok.

Red tops for flies:  Easy way in but rare to go out also breeds parasitic wasp for eating flies ect.

AC 2 : Control and maintain the animals:

Relocate, shoot, trap = mongoose.
Spray EM it over stimulates the layer of the eggs. flies then hatch, with wings semi developed. EM break the life cycle.

Amipor: kills the ticks on the animals 

AC 3 : Poison:

Biological agent: parasitic wasp: the wasp kill pest insects cause it lives on it



AC 4 : Breeding sites are control:

The breeding sites must be controlled so that over/under population doesn't occur that may worsen or make a bigger problem This animals live in disposal places that's way it must be control. 


SO 3 : Carry out skinning, disposal, preservation and other procedures to remove carcasses of animals.

AC 1 : Assistance is provided in the carry out of skinning, disposal and other procedures as it relates to the disposal of carcasses.

AC 2 : Assistance is given in the preservation of carcasses as per operational requirements.

SO 4 : Assist in community interactions.

AC 1 : Assistance is rendered in communicating with the local community in addressing problem animals.

AC 2 : Information is gathers from local communities as it relates to problem animals.

AC 3 : Assistance is rendered in addressing problems with non- dangerous damage causing animals through the dissemination of information.

AC 4 : Assistance is rendered in the educating of local communities about damage causing animals  

Perform cnservation guardinanship

SO 1 : Conduct patrols in order collect and interpret information associated wit conservation guardianship

AC 1 : Ground level-look or listen in a specific area. Also smell carcasses that are near by.

AC 2: Different formations are used , line , u , v & scorpion formations. Do not make noise alerting the poacher of your presence, you must use maps.

AC 3 : Written report is kept for investigation, written report after every patrol.

AC4 : Patrols must be done regularly  is must be unexpected because poacher won't be used to patrol times.

AC 5 : Checks must be done like look at - man made equipment which can be a trap. Check for possible poaching and shares.

SO 2 : React appropriately within the law and according to established procedures, in order to counter any illegal activities.

AC 1 : Suspect mustn't be handled with force, be calm & think it through. Be in control.

AC 2 : Disarm suspect and check for more or any other weapons.

AC 3 : Lawful arrests with minimum force. Identify them explain all minor detail request permits, read suspect right to them.

AC 4 : Question suspect in a manner that will be use full.

SO 3 : Collect evidence in order to be able to prosecute a suspect and present evidence in court of law.

AC 1 : Make sure the area of happening is closed off to standards, procedures & requirements.

AC 2 : Use appropriate learner for the job.

AC 3 : The extent of the offense and individual rights are explained to suspect as it applies to legal requirements.

'You have the right to remain silent and we recognize that you have the right to a court date in 48 hours." 
 
AC 4 : Assist with the preparation of a docket according to operational and legal requirements.

AC 1 : Techniques are utilized to ensure the maintaining of communication as it applies to patrolling. Hand signals, radio procedures, cell phones and geographic references.

AC 2 : Appropriate report formats are used to present info.

AC 3 : A verbal debrief is conducted with patrol members and other audiences as it applies to patrol and conservation guardianship operations.

AC 1 : Communication: Hand signals, radio, reporting back to another person.


AC 2 : So as to know what has happen and have evidence for a report.

AC 3 : To inform all members. 

Identify and monitor local wildlife

SO 1: Explain the purpose and state the principles of wildlife monitoring:

AC 1 :  A clear and concise explanation is given on the purpose of wildlife identification and monitoring activities.

• To check if no poaching is happening
• To see if they are breeding
• If they breed is the area big enough for them, are ther enough food.
• Check if they are injured or underfed.
• Check in which area they are & where they travel to.
• See which animal has which habits

AC 2 : Appropriate methods of wildlife of wildlife monitoring in the area of operation is listed and explained.

Drive counts: As you drive count the animals/plants. Everybodies counts gets viewed & the people with the most counts & same answers are logged.

Road strips: In a specific area drive up & down & count the animals in that area.

Field strips: Walk in a specific area & count the animals left & right. Walk a certain amount of steps, count grass around you & walk the same amount of step & count again.

Air counts: Helicopter - wider view  of area Count animals you see from above.

SO 2 : Identify local plants and animal species including their sign, spoor and habitat.

AC 1 : Key local species in the operational area are identified by their common names.

• Inkberry
• Melkbos
• Blue gum
• Black wattle
• Wild plum
• Strilitzia
• Aloe
• Rooi bos
• Katstert 
• Buffel grass
• Queen of the night
• Maroela trees
• Kameeldoring
• Speer grass
• Khakie bos
• Karee
• Apiesdoring
• Vaalboom
• Sekelbos
• Sweet bos

1. Fish eagle
2. Nonetjies uil
3. Crested barbet
4. Crimson breasted shrike
5. Blou suisie
6. Eland
7. Rooi bok 
8. Aardvark Banded mongoose
9. Vlark vark
10. lack backed jacal
11. Bleu wilde beest 
12. Zebra 
13. Giraffe
14. Luis slang
15. Cobra's
16. Poff adder
17. Patrys
18. Waterbok
19. Duiker

AC 2 : Spoor of key species is recognized to ensure accurate monitoring. 

Kudu Spoor:

Buffalo Spoor:

Gems bok spoor:






















AC 3 : Simple keys are used to identify species:

Plant: Tree bark, texture, leaves, soil type , habitat, thorns , seeds, flowers, fruits, smell, shape, length, width if possible male or female. Greepers, grass, herbs, flowering plants & trees.


Animals: If they have horns or not, their skin & color, habitat, male / female, size, spoor , dung, mouth, teeth.

Carnivore, Herbivore, omnivore , bird species, fish.

Caracal: Stalks pry in tall grasses, eat meat, small antelope & birds. 6 Months pregnant before giving birth. More active in summer than winter.

SO 3 : Count the local plants animals:

AC 1 : An accurate count is made of key plant and animal species as it relates to the area of operation.

Count amount of animals / plants in a specific area. Different method ,drive count, air count, field strip. Map & GPS.

AC 2: An explanation is given of the data gathering methods used for the counting of local plants and animals.

• Map,computer,GP'S &photo's.
• Check - male / female how many was in a specific area/group. Date data taken.

AC 3 : An accurate report is drafted and presented on the results obtained.  

• All evidence- put on computer =graph of all the information . If they lessen or got more.
• To see if poaching etx. happens see SO 1 AC 1

SO 4 : Determine the locality of animals, plants and abiotic elements.

AC 1 :  A simple map is used to locate and record in the location of animals and plants as per identified needs and organizational requirements.

Put on map & GP'S to make it easier & remember to keep it simple so that everybody can understant / read it.

AC 2 : A report is prepared to describe relevant abiotic factors:

If the soil isn't "vrugbaar" then the animals won't eat from that area, their aren't enough nutrition. They will visit that site rarely.

SO 5 : Record information on species observed. 

AC 1 : Relevant information about local species in measured or recorded to promote effective wildlife monitoring

Female / male, size. Younger animals will move around in big areas. Older animals won't move far away from a specific area. Sometimes groups will form of only males.

AC 2 : A report that summaries the data collected is prepared and presented according to organizational requirements.

• When putting information on the computer - the data is very important else it won't help when you monitor an area.
• Put not given necessary data & not all the information about the whole process.

 

Nature Conservation in terms of society

SO 1 : Explain the concept and principles of nature conservation in broad terms

AC 1.1 : To preserve the different biodiversity and a specific site for future generations habitats of different species.

Preserving life in an biotic and a biotic point of view. Habitat's should be protected.

AC 1.2 :  

• Successfully achieve conservation objectives.  
• Managing within the economy to obtain a competitive advantage.
• Problem solving, self management.

AC 1.3 : Sustainable / understanding.

Sustainable: In ecology, sustainability describes how biological systems remain diverse & productive over times.

Unsustainable: Environmental impact of our rescuer paterns will worsen once the development world uses at high rates of industrialized countries. Resources can causes serious damage to the environment & contributes significant enhanced to the greenhouse effect.


SO 2 : Outline the history of nature conservation

2.1: History outline: cultural heritage - San, Koi,Koi -sun - voortrekkers.

• Elephants and Lions cant survive without an ecosystem. Biodiversity is what makes species survive.

• Animals need to be protected so people have to leaved there homes it became a protected area.

• Landscape areas be came protected areas.

AC 2.2 : Key phases in the development of nature conservation is identified and discussed

Phase 1: Start up
Phase 2: relative stability
Phase 3: growth & development

SO 3 : Demonstrate the relevance of nature conservation principles to society.

AC 3.1 : Something that looks pretty to the human eye

Ecological value: Value that each species has part of an ecosystem.

Aesthetic value: Something based on its appearance.

AC 3.2: The relevance of nature conservation is explained as it applies to the legacy of nature conservation for future generation. 

The focus is to preserve nature conservation for future generations. It may have value for the people visiting nature conservation sites.

AC 3.3 : Importance of nature conservation is explain as it applies it's economic and recreational value.


Economic: A conservation economy is an ideal imagined economy in witch economic wealth is harvested from a bio- region local natural resources.

Recreational: Property is valued for it's recreation opportunities by many people. Relating to things people do in their spare time to relax.

AC 3.4 : Contribution of nature conservation opportunities by many people. Relating to things people do in their spare time to relax,  

• People need to get in nature to emotionality.

• Medicinal plants, are harvested for use.
• Must protected before over used take place.

AC 4.1: Food chains = It shows how each living thing animals & people  & how different animals & ecosystems depend on each other. Food chain's always end with a animal decomposing.

Omnivores: Meat & plants

Carnivores:  Meat eaters

Herbivores: Only eat plants


Throphic levels Position that an organism occupies in a food chain.

Types of ecological levels: 

1. Numeral pyramids 
2. Biomass
3. Energy pyramids

Food webs: a network of interrelated food chains in a given area.

AC 4: Components of ecosystems all add to health of the ecosystems.

SO 5: ID scarce plants & animals:

TRAFFIC = Trade records Analysis of Fauna & flora in commerce

WWF- SA =  World wild life fund (South Africa)

IUCN =  International Unian for the conservation of nature

CITES = Conservation on International trade in endangered species.

AC 5.2: Red data list = list where all endangered, extinct and threatened species are allocated to inform people to preserve and protect the species are allocated to inform people to preserve and protect the species.

5 Categories:

• Extinct
• Critically endangered 
• Endangered
• Threatened
• Least concern

Animals on Red list:

= Common Hippopotamus
= Ground hornbill
= African elephant

AC 5.3 : CITES categories:

1. Species threatened wit extinction
2. Species might become threatened
3. Species are protected in one countries may ask other countries for help

Carry out the harvesting of flora

SO 1 : AC 1 : Identify the species or specimens (s) to be harvested.


Identify the soil type/ habitat. Must be able to identify in 3 languages- overseas people.
AC 2 : The relevant species or specimens (s) to be harvest is identified:

Ink berry, milk bush, sickelbush, silver cluster leaf.

AC 3 : The precise location of the relevant species or specimen (s) is determined.

Map on a map the location & size of area to be harvested. GPS & put coordinate on map. Identify with plant will be harvested.
AC 4 : Relevant species are correctly identified by sight.

Check leaves, soil, flowers, colour, sent. Sickelbush-pink & yellow flowers. etc
AC 5 : Species is identified in the language of harvesters.

Harvest Dichrostrachys Sinerea-Sickelbush. Harvest Terminalia Sericea . Silver cluster leaf. Sichoridaga Pendunculata
SO 2 : AC 1: Appropriate harvesting techniques are selected are to ensure compliance with organization procedures and the requirements of relevant legislation.

Check if the plant is protected before removing. If you want to remove- remember to take cut the root.

AC 2 : The harvesting of flora is conducted according to organizational and legislative procedures.


Check the plant's status- follow the correct steps. Don't continually harvest the plant, give it a chance to grow.


AC 3 : Correct species are harvest in the correct locality by means of the correct method.

When harvesting, plant in the same soil / habitat  where it was found.

AC 4 : Harvesting is carried out according to occupational health and safety procedures.

Wear safety gear. Have experirnce before using . Chainsaw-permits.

SO 3 :  AC 1 : Steps are taken to ensure that the agreed-to rules of harvest are safety procedures.

3 Different names- ensuer they take out correct trees. Harvesters must be trained


AC 2 : Provisions are made for the adequate care of temporary- harvesters.

Monitor your harvesters- to check progress. Basic living sites provided


AC 3 : Step are taken to ensure that harvesters remain in the general area of harvest

Monitor check that they stay in that certain area. Prevents poaching, snares etc.

AC 4 : Te harvesting process is supervised in such a manner that sound human relations are maintained at all times.

people working with chainsaw's - keep an eye - won't hear you-mining be disorientated. Make sure they stay in that area.

SO 4 : AC 1:  The harvesting is measured in a piratical, efficient and timeous manner.


Time how many latties you cut up in am hour. Then make your calculation of how many you will have in the end of the day. Then you can draw up your budget. More people=more latties.

AC 2 : The harvest is accurately weighed according to the standard weighing system prescribed for each species by the employer/ landowner.

When harvesting find out how many tree's you may harvest in a time

AC 3 : The harvest is recoded in the format required by operational procedures.

See above.
AC 4 : A harvest report is prepared containing all the information required to maintain a harvest management system.


This is to see the progress of adaption & to keep track of the harvest.
 
AC 5 : Lessons learnt are identified and built into plans for future harvesting. 

Way of harvesting - discuss & plan for improvement if necessary. Cut off's can be used for decoration's compost or ''saagsels''.

Combat soil erosion

SO 1: Evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions improve on them.

AC 1: Branching, Baskets, seeding, correct farming techniques,wind breaks & stones, blankets.

AC 2: A detailed explanatory note is written on each of these techniques.

Gabion baskets: On mountains so that the rocks & sand doesn't wash away. Prevents mountain from collapsing.

Branching: Cover area with branches to prevent animals from greasing there.

Seeding: First make holes, then put down seeds, cover with grass & branches.

Blankets: Cover area with blanket and plant plants underneath.

Stones: To prevent grasses & sand/ seeds to wash away.

Wind breaks: Prevent sand from blowing away.

Stream bank: When it rains make a tharrow to send the water to another place and not in the road.

Farming Methods: Remember to plant plants according to contour lines so that the water runs in the correct direction in stead of washing away the soil & plants.

AC 3: A summary is given of to the techniques that were found to work best under particular conditions:

Basket & seeding/ branching technique. Find the best method for certain areas.


AC 4: Lessons learned are noted in order to apply these to future practice

Use different methods & see which works better in which areas & situations.

AC 5: A report on remadial actions taken is given and possible aspects from improvement are identified:

Each method can be used & then all the good & bad aspects must be noted.

AC 6: Assistance is rendered in the rehabilitation of selected areas by planting grass and/ or other forms of vegetation as appropriate.

Plant certain plants with more nutritional value. Animals eat-> Poo's
 
SO 2: Implement systems of remediation and report on them.



AC 1: Assistance is rendered in planning, organizing and implementing remediation.

List to different plants-test the plants & pick the best technique available.

AC 2: A report is prepared outlining the problem and the proposes solution.

Analyze are afterwords & check what problems arrised, find possible solution

AC 3: Suggestions are made on possible remedial intervention actions:

Do a follow up on the areas you worked on, check the progress. See if something needs to be fix. Make a plan & fix it.

SO 3 : Control erosion through taking appropriate remedial action in the long and short term

AC 1: Intervention are implemented that are aimed at controlling the causes of erosion in the particular area.

Find ways to improve different types of erosion.

AC 2: A selection is made of techniques appropriate to the problem.

Choose a appropriate technique,  that would help with the erosion problem.

 AC 3: The techniques employed are justified in terms of ecological principles.

Make sure you use natural products that are decomposable.

SO 4: Detect and explain the causes of erosion.

AC 1: A determination is made of the causes of soil erosion in terms of the likely factors: 

• sheet: wind and rain.
•  Rill: water which leads to gully.
• Gully is rain/ water. other causes could be snow / animal or people.

AC 2 : The precise nature of the damage done is specified with a view to stopping or limiting soil erosion.

Find out what causes them problem before trying to fix it.

SO 5: Detect soil erosion sites.

AC 1 : Accurate observations are carried out for the purpose of detecting the following signs od soil erosion at a site.

Sheet,Rill,Gully. Find causes of the erosion. When fixing it , make sure you don't just move the problem to another area.